Evaluating the Sensory Integrative Functions of Mainstream Schoolchildren with Specific Developmental Disorders

Abstract

Clinicians and educators are becoming increasingly aware of sensory integrative dysfunctions (SIDs) in mainstream schoolchildren with specific developmental disorders (SDDs). This study was designed (1) to determine whether or not SID occurred significantly in mainstream schoolchildren aged 5–8 years, referred to the Ealing Paediatric Occupational Therapy Service (EPOTS); (2) to explore the patterns and nature of SID found In such a group; and (3) to ascertain any relationships between certain types of SID and specific behavioural traits. The study adopted a differential research method. The subjects were two groups of children aged 5–8 years. The experimental group (EG) consisted of 25 children referred to EPOTS. The control group (CG) consisted of 18 mainstream schoolchildren with no known dysfunction. All subjects were administered the Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests (SIPT) and Clinical Observations of neurobehavioural and neuromuscular functions. The Conners' Parent Rating Scales – 93 (CPRS-93) was used to evaluate specific behavioural traits in the EG children. The results of statistical analysis supported that mainstream schoolchildren with SDD (EG, n=25) referred to EPOTS had significantly lower scores (p<.001) in the SIPT than a normal control group of children (CG, n=18) with matched demographic data. The EG children showed significant neurobehavioural and neuromuscular dysfunctions (p<.05) in comparison with the CG in the Clinical Observations. The percentage of EG children with scores similar to the six SIPT clusters was 44%, which is higher than the figure of 29.6% produced by the test publisher. There was no consistent correlation between the SIPT variables and the variables identified in the CPRS-93. Although the findings were not conclusive, some partial pattern could be identified.