Pharmacology of Pain and Analgesia

Author:

Wilson Peter R.12,Yaksh Tony L.13

Affiliation:

1. Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide and Mayo Clinic, Rochester

2. Pain Management Unit, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Flinders Medical Centre.

3. Department of Neurologic Surgery and Pharmacology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A.

Abstract

Physiological events involved in nociception and pain perception are examined. Substance P could be a primary afferent transmitter of certain nociceptive information. Transmission of this information can be modulated within the spinal cord by intrinsic and descending mechanisms. The intrinsic mechanism involves inhibitory opiate effects within substantia gelatinosa. Centres for descending systems are located in medulla and periaqueductal gray matter. They are activated by exogenous narcotic agonists, and by regional connections. Descending inhibitory pathways are serotonergic and noradrenergic. GABA and glycine are also possibly involved in antinociception. Narcotics have been shown to produce analgesia when administered to the intrathecal or epidural spaces of humans. These routes are still experimental. The place of clinical modification of transmitter system is discussed, but no conclusions or recommendations can be made at this early stage.

Publisher

SAGE Publications

Subject

Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine

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