Affiliation:
1. School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
2. Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
3. Department of East West Psychology, California Institute of Integral Studies, San Francisco, California, USA
Abstract
Oppression refers to systemic discrimination where the injustice targets or disproportionately impacts specific groups of people. The Trauma Symptoms of Discrimination Scale (TSDS) is a self-report measure designed to assess the traumatizing impact of discrimination broadly by measuring anxiety-related symptoms of trauma due to discriminatory experiences. This may include symptoms arising from racism, homophobia, sexism, poverty, or other forms of marginalization. Almost all studies of the TSDS have examined its use in marginalized ethnoracial groups, primarily African Americans. This paper will extend prior work to help us better understand racial trauma across groups by reporting and comparing TSDS mean scores across ethnoracial identities in a diverse national sample (n = 923). It also explores trauma with other marginalized identities and demographic dimensions, including gender, sexual minority/LGBQ status, education, and income. The relationship of TSDS scores to clinical psychopathologies are examined, including stress, depression, anxiety, and PTSD. We also examine the unique risks associated with intersectionality, and how having multiple marginalized identities may increase traumatization. Clinical implications and future directions are discussed.
Funder
Canada Research Chairs Program, Canadian Institutes of Health Research
Subject
Behavioral Neuroscience,Biological Psychiatry,Psychiatry and Mental health,Clinical Psychology
Cited by
15 articles.
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