Biphasic Ceramics and Fibrin Sealant for Bone Reconstruction in Ear Surgery

Abstract

Bone reconstruction is still a matter of concern in middle ear surgery despite the large number of surgical techniques proposed. A composite made of biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic granules mixed with human fibrin sealant, forming a moldable material that is easy to set for bone reconstruction, has been used with success over a 16-year period for reconstruction of the posterior canal wall or for mastoid obliteration. In a retrospective series of 72 ears with long-term follow-up (average follow-up of 46 months), regular microscopic examination, and computed tomographic controls, we have evaluated this bone reconstruction technique for radical mastoidectomy cavities or the closed technique. The bone reconstruction material provided an immediate anatomic reconstruction that remains stable and is well tolerated over the long term. A slight leakage of granules in the meatus was initially observed in several patients with transient aseptic otorrhea. Fifty-seven ears were followed up for 1 year or more. Satisfactory clinical results with complete regression of the mucous membrane disease were found in 82.4% of the patients, with perfect stability of the material in 65%. We did not observe any cases of recurrent cholesteatoma in or behind the filling material. Eighteen biopsies were performed between 8 and 84 months after surgery during a second surgical step performed for functional purposes or for recurrent cholesteatoma; 17 of the 18 cases showed osteointegration of the filling material. After a 16-year experiment, we consider this technique to be a highly satisfactory procedure that could be extended to other situations of bone reconstruction.