Functional Patency of the Cochlear Aqueduct

Abstract

The perilymphatic (P P) and cerebrospinal fluid (P CSF) pressures were investigated in relation to pressure variations in the ear canal, middle ear and intracranial compartment before and after occlusion of the cochlear aqueduct (CA). Experiments using intracranial infusion showed that the CA was responsible for a perfect hydrodynamic balance between the CSF and the perilymph. There are indications of additional pressure release factors but their capacities were not sufficient to prevent the appearance of a longstanding and substantial pressure gradient following occlusion of the CA. A gradual P P build-up, from zero to its original level after the CA was opened and occluded, indicated perilymph production within the labyrinth. Investigation of pressure transfer from the ear canal and middle ear to the perilymph showed that the CA was the major pressure release route from the cochlea. Occlusion of the CA reduced the compliance of the inner ear and severely reduced the pressure release capacity. In such a situation the inner ear is almost incapable of equilibrating ambient pressure changes.