The Importance of the Social Environment in Achieving High Levels of Physical Activity and Fruit and Vegetable Intake in African American Church Members

Abstract

Purpose: African Americans experience a high burden of chronic diseases and cancers that are prevented and ameliorated with physical activity (PA) and fruit and vegetable (FV) intake. The purpose of this study is to identify individual, social, and neighborhood variables associated with African Americans attaining high levels of both behaviors. Design: This study is a cross-sectional analysis. Settings and Participants: Cohort of African Americans adults recruited from black churches in the Greater Houston area. Measures: Self-administered questionnaires collected in 2012 assessed correlates and behavioral outcome variables (PA and FV consumption). A combined 4-category behavioral outcome was created: high PA/high FV, low PA/high FV, high PA/low FV, and low PA/low FV. Analysis: Standard and stepwise multinomial logistic regression examined the association between the various variables and the behavioral outcome. Results: This sample (n = 1009) had a mean age of 49 years, was mostly female, and obese. Compared to the low PA/low FV intake group, the high PA/high FV intake group had significantly lower odds of individual-level variables (worrying about getting cancer, perceived stress, loneliness, and financial strain) and higher odds of social-level variables (social status, social cohesion, social organization involvement, and social norms). Only social-level variables remained significantly associated with higher odds of high PA/high FV intake in stepwise regression. Conclusion: These findings indicate that social influences may be most critical for high PA and FV intake in African Americans adults.