Avoidance of Adverse Effects during Chronic Therapy with Theophylline

Abstract

Recent definition of the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic characteristics of theophylline and readily available, specific assays have increased the therapeutic benefits of this drug while decreasing the risk of toxicity. Once familiarity is achieved with the various factors that can alter clearance, such as age, smoking habits, physiological abnormalities, and concurrent drug therapy, an initial dosage can be appropriately individualized. Careful product selection, the slow progressive titration of dose over nine days, and the accurate measurement and interpretation of serum theophylline concentration can prevent adverse effects and interactions. However, long-term therapy with theophylline should probably be avoided when other drugs are available for patients with cor pulmonale, liver dysfunction, congestive heart failure, migraine headaches, and seizure disorders.