Contemporary, non-navigation, cup orientation techniques improve accuracy and eliminate differences seen between the anterior and posterior approach in THA

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to: (1) Determine the ability to achieve the surgeons’ desired cup orientation, without navigation, using contemporary measures with the anterior- (AA) and posterior- approaches (PA); and (2) assess whether surgical approach is associated with cup orientation accuracy, as previously reported, when contemporary measures are used. Methods: A prospective, 2-centre, multi-surgeon study of 400 THAs (200 AA; 200 PA) was performed. Intraoperative radiographs were obtained with the AA. A digital inclinometer and 3-point pelvic support were used with the PA. With the PA, intraoperative cup inclination at impaction was recorded. Radiographic inclination/anteversion (RI/RA) was measured from intraoperative radiographs (AA-only) and from postoperative radiographs for all cases. Optimum inclination/anteversion was defined as 40°/20° (±10°). The difference between intra- and postoperative orientations allowed for determination of the difference in pelvic position at impaction. Results: Optimum RI and RA were achieved in 91.3% ( n = 365) and 92% ( n = 368) of cases respectively. Optimum cup orientation was detected in 84% of cases ( n = 336). There was equivalent ability to achieve cup orientation between approaches (AA: 82.5% vs. PA: 85.5%; p = 0.41). The use of an inclinometer in the PA was associated with a smaller variability of inclination at implantation (10° vs. 14°) and counteracted the greater difference in pelvic position (4.4° vs. 2.1°) seen with the PA. Conclusions: Over 80% of cases can have optimum orientation without navigation, using simple, cheap contemporary measures. Such measures eliminate differences between approaches, related to patient position. Narrower implantation angles will further reduce variability in cup orientation achieved.