Neonatal Seizures

Abstract

A nationwide survey of neonatologists and pediatric neurologists was conducted to ascertain their methods of evaluating and managing neonatal seizures. Of the sampled 750 physicians, 284 (38%) responded to the single mailing. Most respondents use a routine for seizure workup which includes glucose, calcium and electrolyte determinations, and a lumbar puncture. On the other hand, there was a great variation in the use of an EEG, CT scan, skull x-ray, and a drug and metabolic screen. Phenobarbital was the initial drug of choice and phenytoin usually the second drug. Neurologists used higher loading doses for phenobarbital and phenytoin. Most physicians monitored blood levels to adjust maintenance doses. Drug therapy was usually continued for two months to one year after seizure control. Criteria for discontinuation were often arbitrary but included a normal electroencephalogram and the absence of seizures. The results demonstrate a lack of consensus in the evaluation and management of neonates with seizures.