Contemporary Indications for and Early Outcomes of Abdominoperineal Resection

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to review and characterize the indications and early outcomes of abdominoperineal resection (APR) when used in a colorectal practice in an academic setting. Data was collected from the charts of all patients undergoing APR in a retrospective manner. Data collected included demographic information and details regarding the clinical presentation. Operative factors, information regarding the postoperative course, and morbidity and mortality were evaluated. Forty-four patients were treated with an APR in this practice between the years 1992 and 2004. The indications for operation were primary rectal cancer (n = 31), recurrent rectal cancer (n = 6), intractable Crohn disease (n = 3), anal melanoma (n = 1), cloacogenic cancer (n = 1), squamous cell cancer (n = 1), and gastrointestinal stromal tumor (n = 1). Complications in the first 60 days affected 14 patients (32%). The most common complication was intra-abdominal/pelvic abscess formation occurring in 6 of these 14 patients (43%). Additional complications in the first 60 days included rectus flap necrosis, perineal wound evisceration, prolonged ileus, and urinary retention. There was no surgical mortality. Long-term complications occurred in 7 patients (16%), with parastomal hernia being the most common (43%). Although relatively infrequently used, APR will continue to play a role for selected patients in the future. Despite the significant morbidity associated with this surgery, APR may provide beneficial treatment for select cases of low rectal cancer, end-stage inflammatory bowel disease, and anal malignancies.