Race/Ethnicity and Social Determinants of Health and Their Impact on Receiving Appropriate Chemotherapy for Colon Cancer

Abstract

Introduction Despite the heightened understanding and improved treatment for colorectal cancer in the United States, social determinants of health (SDH) play a significant role in the colorectal cancer outcomes. We sought to investigate the relationship between SDH and appropriate utilization of adjuvant chemotherapy in stage III colon cancer. Methods For this retrospective study, we utilized data from the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB). Descriptive statistics are reported, including means and 95% confidence intervals for continuous variables and frequency and proportions for categorical variables. Univariate hypothesis testing to identify categorical level factors associated with treatment used Wilcoxon rank sum or Kruskal-Wallis tests, with multivariate analyses performed using regression analysis. Results Significant differences were as follows: Metro-non-Hispanic White patients received treatment less frequently (69.7%) when compared to Metro-non-Hispanic Black patients (73.4%) ( P < .001). Increasing age was a negative predictor of likelihood to receive with those over 65 years old having an 83% decrease in likelihood to receive chemotherapy when compared to those under 65 ( P < .001). Medicaid patients were 47% less likely and Medicare patients were 40% less likely to receive chemotherapy when compared to those with private insurance ( P < .001). Rural patients were statistically more likely to receive chemotherapy (OR 1.42, 1.32-2.52, P < .001) as were urban patients, (OR 1.26, 1.20-1.31, P < .001) when compared to patients residing in metro areas. Conclusion Age, living in a Metro area, and government insurance status at diagnosis are negatively correlated with the likelihood of receiving chemotherapy. Race was not associated with differences in receiving chemotherapy.