Representation of numbers by cascades

Author:

Chen C. C.,Daykin D. E.

Abstract

A cascade C C is defined as a sum of binomial coefficients \[ C = ( a h h ) + ( a h 1 h 1 ) + + ( a t t ) C = \left ( {\begin {array}{*{20}{c}} {{a_h}} \\ h \\ \end {array} } \right ) + \left ( {\begin {array}{*{20}{c}} {{a_{h - 1}}} \\ {h - 1} \\ \end {array} } \right ) + \cdots + \left ( {\begin {array}{*{20}{c}} {{a_t}} \\ t \\ \end {array} } \right ) \] where a h > a h 1 > > a t {a_h} > {a_{h - 1}} > \cdots > {a_t} . In this expression, we assume that ( h a ) = 0 (_h^a) = 0 whenever a > h a > h . Given a cascade C C and a sequence ε = ε h , ε h 1 , , ε t \varepsilon = \langle {\varepsilon _h},{\varepsilon _{h - 1}}, \ldots ,{\varepsilon _t}\rangle of signs (i.e. ε i = + 1 or 1 {\varepsilon _i} = + 1\;{\text {or}}\; - 1 for each i i ), we define \[ ε C = ε h ( a h h ) + + ε t ( a t t ) . \varepsilon C = {\varepsilon _h}\left ( {\begin {array}{*{20}{c}} {{a_h}} \\ h \\ \end {array} } \right ) + \cdots + {\varepsilon _t}\left ( {\begin {array}{*{20}{c}} {{a_t}} \\ t \\ \end {array} } \right ). \] Also, we put \[ α C = ( a h h + 1 ) + ( a h 1 h ) + + ( a t t + 1 ) . \alpha C = \left ( {\begin {array}{*{20}{c}} {{a_h}} \\ {h + 1} \\ \end {array} } \right ) + \left ( {\begin {array}{*{20}{c}} {{a_{h - 1}}} \\ h \\ \end {array} } \right ) + \cdots + \left ( {\begin {array}{*{20}{c}} {{a_t}} \\ {t + 1} \\ \end {array} } \right ). \] In the paper, we prove that for any sequence n 0 , n 1 , , n s \langle {n_0},\,{n_1}, \ldots ,{n_s}\rangle of integers, there exist a cascade C C and a corresponding sequence ε \varepsilon of signs such that n i = ε α i C {n_i} = \varepsilon {\alpha ^i}C for i = 0 , 1 , , s i = 0,\;1, \ldots ,s where α 0 C = C , α 1 C = α C , α 2 C = α ( α 1 C ) {\alpha ^0}C = C,\;{\alpha ^1}C = \alpha C,\;{\alpha ^2}C = \alpha ({\alpha ^1}C) , and recursively, α n C = α ( α n 1 C ) {\alpha ^n}C = \alpha ({\alpha ^{n - 1}}C) .

Publisher

American Mathematical Society (AMS)

Subject

Applied Mathematics,General Mathematics

Reference6 articles.

1. The number of simplices in a complex;Kruskal, Joseph B.,1963

2. A theorem of finite sets;Katona, G.,1968

3. Existence theorems for Sperner families;Daykin, D. E.;J. Combinatorial Theory Ser. A,1974

4. A simple proof of the Kruskal-Katona theorem;Daykin, D. E.;J. Combinatorial Theory Ser. A,1974

5. \bysame, Cascade algorithms giving Katona-type inequalities, Nanta. Math. (to appear).

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