Some classes of topological spaces extending the class of Δ-spaces

Author:

Ka̧kol Jerzy,Kurka Ondřej,Leiderman Arkady

Abstract

A study of the class Δ \Delta consisting of topological Δ \Delta -spaces was originated by Jerzy Ka̧kol and Arkady Leiderman [Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. Ser. B 8 (2021), pp. 86–99; Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. Ser. B 8 (2021), pp. 267–280]. The main purpose of this paper is to introduce and investigate new classes Δ 2 Δ 1 \Delta _2 \subset \Delta _1 properly containing Δ \Delta .

We observe that for every first-countable X X the following equivalences hold: X Δ 1 X\in \Delta _1 iff X Δ 2 X\in \Delta _2 iff each countable subset of X X is G δ G_{\delta } . Thus, new proposed concepts provide a natural extension of the family of all λ \lambda -sets beyond the separable metrizable spaces.

We prove that (1) A pseudocompact space X X belongs to the class Δ 1 \Delta _1 iff countable subsets of X X are scattered. (2) Every regular scattered space belongs to the class Δ 2 \Delta _2 .

We investigate whether the classes Δ 1 \Delta _1 and Δ 2 \Delta _2 are invariant under the basic topological operations. Similarly to Δ \Delta , both classes Δ 1 \Delta _1 and Δ 2 \Delta _2 are invariant under the operation of taking countable unions of closed subspaces. In contrast to Δ \Delta , they are not preserved by closed continuous images.

Let Y Y be l l -dominated by X X , i.e. C p ( X ) C_p(X) admits a continuous linear map onto C p ( Y ) C_p(Y) . We show that Y Δ 1 Y \in \Delta _1 whenever X Δ 1 X \in \Delta _1 . Moreover, we establish that if Y Y is l l -dominated by a compact scattered space X X , then Y Y is a pseudocompact space such that its Stone–Čech compactification β Y \beta Y is scattered.

Funder

Grantová Agentura České Republiky

Publisher

American Mathematical Society (AMS)

Subject

Applied Mathematics,General Mathematics

Reference29 articles.

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