Profile and factors associated with quality of life among outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Bali, Indonesia

Abstract

Purpose: To map the quality of life (QoL) profile of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and identify its influencing factors in Bali Province. Method: This study was conducted in the Pharmacy Department of two Government Hospitals in Bali Province, Indonesia. The 89  participants were T2DM patients undergoing outpatient therapy from November 2023 to February 2024. A cross-sectional design was  used to determine the QoL of T2DM patients using SF-36 questionnaire. The medical and demographic data investigated were gender,  age, BMI, glycemic profile, duration of DM, comorbidities, type of diabetes medication and history of severe hypoglycemia. Results: The quality-of-life profile of T2DM patients in Bali Province was generally poor while undergoing diabetes therapy (QoL score:  44.77 ± 24.71). The influential factors that could be modified included a history of severe hypoglycemia, BMI, glycemic control and  comorbidities, while the nonmodifiable factor was age. Conclusion: Patients with T2DM undergoing therapy at the hospital polyclinics  outpatients unit in Bali Province, Indonesia during the period of study had a relatively low QoL. Factors contributing to these outcomes  include patients' history of severe hypoglycemia, age, diabetes complications, glycemic control and BMI. It would be necessary to analyze  the influence of patients' behavior and motivation in receiving health services, support system conditions, compliance, and other  social conditions on QoL.