Insomnia in Indonesia Older Adults: The Role of Mental Health, Sociodemographic Status, and Physical Function

Abstract

Background and Objective Insomnia can cause impairment in physical, mental, and social functioning, which contributes to considerable healthcare and social challenges. This study aims to investigate various potential associated factors of insomnia among older adults in Indonesia.Methods Publicly available data of the fifth wave of the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS-5) was taken cross-sectionally from 2014 to 2015 with a multistage stratified sampling method. This data included 4236 Indonesian older adults aged of 60 and older from all over Indonesia. Numerous social demographic and wellbeing variables that were gathered through assessments and surveys were examined. The evaluation of despair and its contributing components was done using multivariate logistic regression.Results Older adults with low education (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.73, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16–2.60), poor subjective economic status (AOR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.13–2.05), having low life satisfaction (AOR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.14–1.87), being self-perceived as unhealthy (AOR: 2.26, 95% CI: 1.80–2.84) or lonely (AOR: 1.77, 95% CI: 1.34–2.35), physically dependent measured by Activity Daily Living (AOR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.01–1.96), having arthritis (AOR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.04–1.85) and depression (AOR: 4.14, 95% CI: 3.21–5.33) are associated to insomnia.Conclusions Depression has the strongest association to insomnia in elderly. Involving older adults in cognitive and social activities, providing supports for lonely individuals, improving their physical function, prompt treatment of arthritis and symptomatic pain may reduce the risk for insomnia. Early detection and providing mental services including social activities to depressed older adults may also decrease the risk of insomnia.