Rotor Power Savings and Pitch-Link Load Reductions with Spanwise-Varying Active Camber Morphing

Abstract

The effect of spanwise-varying active-camber morphing on helicopter rotor power and pitch-link loads was investigated computationally for advance ratios ranging from hovering to high-speed forward flight ([Formula: see text]) and was compared to results obtained with spanwise uniform camber actuation. Different actuation strategies were applied, such as constant (0P) deflection and superimposed harmonic actuation based on a 0P deflection combined with 1P (one per revolution) and 2P harmonics. A comprehensive rotor aeromechanics model of an isolated Bo-105 rotor, including elastic blade modeling and free vortex wake aerodynamics, was used for this analysis. Two different active-camber section sizes were investigated, one ranging from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] and one from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]. The greatest benefits from active-camber actuation were found in hover and high-speed flight. It was possible to reduce both the rotor power consumption and the peak-to-peak pitch-link loads. A relevant contribution of the spanwise variability to these power gains was obtained in hovering flight. Toward higher flight speeds, the effect of spanwise variable camber morphing became less important in terms of rotor power savings. However, it allowed a notable reduction of the actuation amplitude far outboard on the rotor blade.