Affiliation:
1. Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis
2. Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior
3. Department of Biology, University of Konstanz
4. Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz
5. Mpala Research Centre
Abstract
Sleep is fundamental to the health and fitness of all animals. The physiological importance of sleep is underscored by the central role of homeostasis in determining sleep investment – following periods of sleep deprivation, individuals experience longer and more intense sleep bouts. Yet, most sleep research has been conducted in highly controlled settings, removed from evolutionarily relevant contexts that may hinder the maintenance of sleep homeostasis. Using triaxial accelerometry and GPS to track the sleep patterns of a group of wild baboons (Papio anubis), we found that ecological and social pressures indeed interfere with homeostatic sleep regulation. Baboons sacrificed time spent sleeping when in less familiar locations and when sleeping in proximity to more group-mates, regardless of how long they had slept the prior night or how much they had physically exerted themselves the preceding day. Further, they did not appear to compensate for lost sleep via more intense sleep bouts. We found that the collective dynamics characteristic of social animal groups persist into the sleep period, as baboons exhibited synchronized patterns of waking throughout the night, particularly with nearby group-mates. Thus, for animals whose fitness depends critically on avoiding predation and developing social relationships, maintaining sleep homeostasis may be only secondary to remaining vigilant when sleeping in risky habitats and interacting with group-mates during the night. Our results highlight the importance of studying sleep in ecologically relevant contexts, where the adaptive function of sleep patterns directly reflects the complex trade-offs that have guided its evolution.
Funder
Max Planck Institute for Ornithology
Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute
University of California, Davis
Packard Foundation
National Science Foundation
Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung
Richard G. Coss Wildlife Research Fellowship
Center for the Advanced Study of Collective Behavior at the University of Konstanz
Achievement Rewards for College Scientists Foundation
Publisher
eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
Subject
General Immunology and Microbiology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine,General Neuroscience
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