Amino acid synthesis loss in parasitoid wasps and other hymenopterans

Author:

Ye Xinhai12ORCID,Xiong Shijiao1ORCID,Teng Ziwen1,Yang Yi1ORCID,Wang Jiale1,Yu Kaili1,Wu Huizi1,Mei Yang1,Yan Zhichao1,Cheng Sammy2,Yin Chuanlin1,Wang Fang1,Yao Hongwei1,Fang Qi1ORCID,Song Qisheng3,Werren John H2,Ye Gongyin1ORCID,Li Fei1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology & Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

2. Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States

3. Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, United States

Abstract

Insects utilize diverse food resources which can affect the evolution of their genomic repertoire, including leading to gene losses in different nutrient pathways. Here, we investigate gene loss in amino acid synthesis pathways, with special attention to hymenopterans and parasitoid wasps. Using comparative genomics, we find that synthesis capability for tryptophan, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and histidine was lost in holometabolous insects prior to hymenopteran divergence, while valine, leucine, and isoleucine were lost in the common ancestor of Hymenoptera. Subsequently, multiple loss events of lysine synthesis occurred independently in the Parasitoida and Aculeata. Experiments in the parasitoid Cotesia chilonis confirm that it has lost the ability to synthesize eight amino acids. Our findings provide insights into amino acid synthesis evolution, and specifically can be used to inform the design of parasitoid artificial diets for pest control.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

National Key Research and Development Program of China

National Science Foundation

Publisher

eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd

Subject

General Immunology and Microbiology,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,General Medicine,General Neuroscience

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