1. Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Science and Technology, Khartoum, Sudan
2. Department of Computer Science, College of Science and Arts-Sharourah, Najran University, Sharourah, Saudi Arabia
3. Department of Computer Science, School of Computer Science and Informatics, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland
4. Department of Information Systems, College of Computer Science and Information Systems, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
5. Institute for International Strategy, Tokyo International University, Saitama, Japan
6. Department of Mathematics, Turubah University College, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia