Antibacterial potential of Penicillium nalgiovense from Symbiont Fungal in the Gelliodes fibulata Sponge

Abstract

The marine environment has potential natural resources to be exploited for discovery of novel chemicals with pharmaceutical potential. The microbes are the largest inhabitants of the sea and one of them is fungus symbiont. The fungus symbiont found in sponge Gelliodes fibullata is interesting to study because it has the same chemical properties as its host. The aims of the study were to present the dominant microbes associated with the sponge Gelliodes fibullata, phytochemical screening, and their antibacterial activity test. Symbiont fungus in the sponge were cultivated on saline sabouraud dextrose agar media. The dominant fungus symbiont was determined based on the results of the cultivation and followed by the fermentation stage to boost secondary metabolite productivity. Fermentation was performed in a saline liquid medium including sabouraud dextrose broth from. The symbiont of the fungus will be extracted using ethyl acetate solvent. Chromatography (gas and thin layer chromatography) was used to determine the secondary metabolites. The antibacterial activity assay of the symbiont fungal in the sponge sample was using standard protocol of Disc Diffusion Method. The results of molecular identification revealed that Penicillium nalgiovense was shown to be the predominant type of fungi associated with Gelliodes fibullata. The Penicillium nalgiovense fungal extract revealed the presence of phenolics, terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, with 2.3-Butanediol is predominant compound. The results of this research indicate that the extract Penicillium nalgiovense had lower antibacterial activity than the standard drug ciprofloxacin.The ability of the extract to inhibit the growth of E. coli, S. aureus, and S. pyogenes is included in the moderate category.