Expression Level of HSP70 and COX-2 in Breast Cancer Proliferation in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia

Abstract

Stress and inflammation have significant roles in tumor growth. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is a molecular chaperone under stress conditions, such as carcinogenesis and cancer managements. Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) is an inducible enzyme, regulated in response to variety of proinflammatory agents, like tumor promoters. The overexpression of HSP70 and COX-2 has been shown to be implicated in poor prognosis of cancer patients. There is a high degree of heterogeneity between tumours that can be seen from the different aggressiveness, such as tumor proliferation/growth (tumor size). All of the heterogeneity factors determine the risk of disease progression and therapeutic resistance. The purpose of this study was to analyze the expression of HSP70 and COX-2 in tumour proliferation (T stage) of invasive breast carcinoma of no special type (NST). Sixty samples were tested using an analytical observational design with cross sectional approach. We collected these samples from year 2016 to 2020 and divided them into 4 groups based on T stage (T1, T2, T3, T4). Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expression of HSP70 and COX-2. There were significant differences of HSP70 (p= 0.030) and COX-2 (p=0,000) expression in the four groups There was no significant correlation between HSP70 and COX-2 expression (p=0,181) in the four groups. HSP70 and COX-2 have an important role in tumour proliferation therefore can determine prognosis and targeted therapy in breast cancer patients.