Influence of soft tissue elements on the reparative abilities of the jaw bone tissue

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Treatment of patients with jaws bone defects requires the elimination of the defect, restoration of the dentition and long-term support of the functional state of the dental system. However, dental damages reduce the reparative capabilities of the jaw bone tissue. Therefore, when developing ways to optimize the reparative osteogenesis of such defects, an important task is to determine the proportion of soft tissue medium in the biology of a bone defect. AIMS: to study the effect of soft-tissue elements on the reparative abilities of jaw bone tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 98 people with acquired combined jaws bone defects. To study the tissue environment and the characteristics of the transformation of the tissues surrounding the defect, material was taken during the surgical intervention. The obtained samples were sent for histological examination. RESULTS: Microscopic examination of histological sections obtained from the area of jaws bone defects revealed the proliferation of a multilayer flat non-corneating epithelium with "creeping" and massive ingrowth of the epithelium into the area of the bone defect. The advance of the epithelium into the underlying bone led to atrophy and destruction of the bone over the entire area of the defect, an increase in the volume of the defect. The epithelial-connective tissue complex lined the bone surface of the defect, replacing the periosteum. CONCLUSIONS: The morphology of the tissues surrounding the area of the bone defect suggests a decrease in the sources of cambial bone elements. Treatment of jaws bone defects requires the elimination of the soft-tissue environment that fills the bone defect, followed by the operation of " Guided bone regeneration" using granular osteoconductive material and a resorbable collagen membrane.