Modern approach to pharmacotherapy of chronic insomnia in childhood

Abstract

Insomnia is a widespread problem in the pediatric population. The prevalence of insomnia in childhood varies from 5% to 50%. The lack of adequate therapy can lead to chronicity, impairment of cognitive and motor functions, and eventually development of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, diabetes, and gastrointestinal and mental disorders. Thus, timely identification and treatment of childhood insomnia is important. This study aimed to summarize and systematize current information about the modern approach to pharmacotherapy of chronic insomnia in childhood. Modern and foreign randomized controlled trials over the past 10 years were analyzed. Treatment of chronic insomnia includes non-pharmacological and pharmacological approaches. Behavioral strategies are recommended as first-line treatment for childhood insomnia. The availability of different pharmacological drug groups allows for a personalized approach to treatment. However, the use of off-label drugs requires a justified prescription. The lack of large-scale clinical studies on the effectiveness, tolerability, dosing, and safety profile of drugs implies the need for further research to better understand the risks (negative side effects) and benefits of using such drugs for treating sleep disorders in children.