The Relationship between Spirodiclofen Resistance and Wolbachia Endosymbiont in Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Abstract

Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is an important pest that causes economic losses in many varieties of cultivated plants around the world. In this study, it was aimed at determiningthe relationship between spirodiclofen resistance in T. urticae and the presence of Wolbachia. Therefore, simultaneous selection of spirodiclofen was performed in both Wolbachia infected (GSS) and uninfected (GSSN) populations of T. urticae. The dry residue method was used to determine lethal concentration (LC) values in T. urticae. Bioassay experiments were applied to the larval stage of the mite. The LC value studies were established as 7 doses +1 control and 3 replications. Dead-alive counts were made at the end of the 7th day and resistance ratios were determined. In the last selection of T. urticae with Wolbachia infection, 23-fold spirodiclofen resistance was determined, and in the last selection without Wolbachia infection, 103-fold resistance was determined. The presence of Wolbachia was found to be quite low in all Wolbachia-uninfected selection populations compared to Wolbachia-infected populations. As a result, it is thought that there may be a negative relationship between spirodiclofen resistance and Wolbachia endosymbiont in T. urticae, and that esterase enzyme may have an effect on the development of resistance within the scope of this relationship.