Prognostic significance of expression of signal molecules to evaluate the metastasis of carcinoma of various locations

Abstract

Relevance. Ectopic secretion, which occurs in the early stages of tumor development, is not only one of the first signs of a neoplasm, but can also indicate the severity of the oncological process. Purpose of the study: To evaluate the possibility of using the expression of sorcin, histamine and caldesmon to predict distant metastases of gastric, prostate and lung carcinomas. Material and methods. The medical histories of 98 people and histological material from carcinomas of the stomach, prostate and lungs were studied. Using the method of immunohistochemistry, data were obtained on the relative area of expression of molecular markers in tumor cells – sorcin, histamine and caldesmon at various stages of tumor differentiation. Discriminant analysis was used to predict distant metastasis of carcinomas. Results. It was found that the relative expression of sorcin, histamine and caldesmon is statistically significantly lower in tumors with a high degree of differentiation (G1–G2) than in low-grade ones (G3–G4). Moreover, the presence of metastases was registered only for tumors with a low degree of differentiation. The relative expression area of sorcin, histamine and caldesmon had a high correlation with tumor differentiation. To predict the occurrence of distant metastases based on the expression of biological markers, discriminant functions were generated. Evaluation of the resulting discriminant model showed the correctness of the forecast in 94.8% of cases. Conclusion. The study found that high levels of the relative area of sorcin, histamine and caldesmon indicate low differentiation of adenocarcinomas in the stomach, prostate gland and lungs. These biological markers can be used to predict distant metastases for adequate selection of further treatment tactics.