ENGINE DIAGNOSTICS BASED ON QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE INDICATORS OF CRANKCASE GAS BREAKTHROUGH

Abstract

During the operation of tractor and combine engines, technical and economic indicators are constantly changing. This fact leads to a change in the composition of the fuel-air mixture and to a change in the composition of the components in the combustion chamber of the engine cylinder and in its crankcase. As a result, the wear of the engine and its systems increases, therefore, diagnosis and timely diagnosis of processes occurring in the combustion chamber is important and relevant. (Research purpose) The research purpose is to determine theoretically the effect of the composition of crankcase gases on the excess air coefficient and possible relationships with the indicators of exhaust gas toxicity. (Materials and methods) Crankcase gases consist of a combustible mixture, as well as products of complete and partial combustion, the occurrence of malfunctions will change the coefficient of excess air directly in the combustion chamber of the engine cylinder, thereby changing the composition of crankcase and exhaust gases. (Results and discussion) The flow of broken gases through the cylinder-piston group leaks directly into the intake manifold, changing the composition of the working mixture in the combustion chamber and the composition of crankcase and exhaust gases. These circumstances lead to a change in the viscosity of the oil and wear of the main engine mechanisms, which reduces its service life. (Conclusions) Timely determination of the presence of hydrocarbons in the crankcase gases in the form of fuel vapors that dilute engine oil will prevent oil foaming and the appearance of an emulsion that makes it difficult for oil to flow to rubbing surfaces. The manifestation of symptoms and diagnostic signs will make it possible to assess not only the technical condition of the engine, but also the possible presence of other malfunctions in its systems and mechanisms.