Unlocking weight loss potential: Investigating the impact of personalized nutrigenetic-based diet in an Indian population

Abstract

<abstract> <p>Obesity and its related complications have become a pressing public health issue, requiring personalized nutritional and lifestyle interventions. Nutrigenetic diets utilize genetic information to tailor dietary recommendations based on an individual's genetic variations. This case-control study aimed to evaluate the impact of a nutrigenetic diet on weight loss and clinical parameters. Three groups were included: obese individuals following a nutrigenetic diet (n = 27), obese individuals following a generic diet (n = 23), and a control group of individuals with a normal body mass index (BMI) (n = 19). Based on polygenic risk scoring, personalized diet plans were developed that considered various genetic traits such as the impact of high amounts of protein on weight loss, the impact of low amounts of carbohydrates on weight loss, the risk of a high body fat percentage, the impact of a calorie restriction on weight loss, lactose intolerance, and gluten intolerance. By assessing a subject's risk scores, a personalized diet was created. Measurements taken at baseline and after four months included weight, BMI, body fat, lean mass, fasting blood sugar levels, total cholesterol, triglycerides, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), and uric acid. Results showed significant differences favouring the nutrigenetic group in weight (p &lt; 0.001), BMI (p &lt; 0.001), and body fat percentage (p = 0.05) when compared to the control and the generic diet groups. Additionally, the nutrigenetic group exhibited significant improvements in triglycerides (p = 0.003). Moreover, the within-group effect among nutrigenetic subjects showed a significant weight reduction (p &lt; 0.001), BMI (p &lt; 0.001), body fat percentage (p &lt; 0.001), fat mass (p &lt; 0.001), fasting blood sugar level (p = 0.019), and uric acid (p = 0.042). These findings suggest that a nutrigenetic diet may yield more effective weight loss and improved clinical parameters compared to a generic diet.</p> </abstract>