1. Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
2. Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
3. Emergency Life-Saving Technique Academy of Tokyo, Foundation for Ambulance Service Development, Tokyo, Japan
4. Emergency and Critical Care Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
5. Data Science Center, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
6. Department of Health Policy and Informatics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.