TIME-SHIFT IN THE OPERA SETUP: PROOF AGAINST SUPERLUMINAL NEUTRINOS WITHOUT THE NEED OF KNOWING THE CERN–LNGS DISTANCE AND REMINISCENCES ON THE ORIGIN OF THE GRAN SASSO LAB, OF THE THIRD NEUTRINO AND OF THE "TERAMO ANOMALY"

Abstract

The LVD time stability allows one to establish a time-shift in the OPERA experiment, thus providing the first proof against superluminal neutrinos, using the horizontal muons of the "Teramo Anomaly." This proof is particularly interesting since it does not need the knowledge of the distance between the location at which the neutrinos are produced (CERN) and the location they are detected (LNGS). Since the superluminal neutrinos generated in the physics community a vivid interest in good and bad behavior in physics research, the author thought it was appropriate to recall the origin of the Gran Sasso Lab, of the third neutrino, of the horizontal muons due to the "Teramo Anomaly" and of the oscillation between leptonic flavors, when the CERN–Gran Sasso neutrino beam was included in the project for the most powerful underground laboratory in the world.