Study of secondary charged particles produced in 12C-emulsion interactions at 4.5A GeV/c

Abstract

This paper deals with the interactions of [Formula: see text]C-nucleus with the nuclear emulsion at 4.5[Formula: see text]A[Formula: see text]GeV/c, focused on distributions of multiplicity and the variation of the average multiplicities for secondary charged particles (black, gray, shower, and heavy particles) for the events released from these interactions. These averages have been calculated based on a model of modified cascade evaporation. A comparison has been made between the average multiplicities of the charged secondary particles produced from [Formula: see text]C and others from projectiles that interact with the nuclear emulsion at different energies, this comparison of [Formula: see text]C with other projectiles shows the fluctuations of the values of the average shower with gray for [Formula: see text]O and [Formula: see text]Si interactions occurring somewhat faster. The average number of shower, gray particles increases with the increasing mass number of the projectile Ap, except for black particles, which are nearly constant. The correlations of the average multiplicities for the different charged secondary particles are discussed. There is strong linear dependence in the correlations of average particles of shower, compound, and heavy on gray particles. The results of experimental and theoretical data were also verified with recent analysis data and new observations and were found to be consistent. Moreover, the results indicate that the residual target nucleus may have reached a temperature and constant excitation energy at a certain value for shower particles. The excess amount of energy at higher values of shower particles may be pumped into the system, and this energy may be expended during a transition of phase in the target nucleus system. The theoretical calculation results show good agreement with experimental data.