Experiment with a laser and a mirror to accurately measure the Hubble constant

Abstract

We propose a new method for calculating the redshift in galaxies, according to which the amount of redshift in the spectrum of each galaxy consists of two parts: about 2/3 of the redshift is due to the speed of the galaxy moving away from us, and about 1/3 is due to the fact that photons moving in the expanding Universe acquire an additional (non-Doppler) redshift. The additional reddening of photons in the spectrum of the galaxy is due to photons coming to us from the past, when the gravitational potential of the universe was lower, and consequently, the frequencies of atomic spectra were also lower than at present. A scheme of a laboratory experiment is proposed that will allow direct measurement of a non-Doppler (additional) part of the cosmological redshift and demonstrate the very fact of the expansion of the universe in real time in about 15 min. The experiment also makes it possible to measure the expansion rate of the universe and its current gravitational potential. These results will help to significantly refine modern ideas about the age of the universe, and about the amount of dark energy and dark matter in it.