Second-Order Voltage-Mode Universal Filters Using Two DVCCs, Two Grounded Capacitors and Four Resistors

Abstract

In this paper, two new second-order voltage-mode universal filters are proposed. Both of the proposed filters use only two differential voltage current conveyors (DVCCs), four resistors and two grounded capacitors which are advantageous from integrated circuit technology point of view. They can simultaneously provide second-order low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, notch and all-pass responses. They offer orthogonal control of angular resonance frequency and quality factor. However, they have a single matching condition for only all-pass responses. A number of simulations based on SPICE program are accomplished in order to demonstrate the performance of both filters.