REALIZATION OF SQUARE ROOT DOMAIN TOW–THOMAS BIQUADRATIC FILTER

Abstract

In this paper, a Tow–Thomas biquadratic filter designed in square root domain is proposed. The presented filter is constructed with a lossy integrator, a lossless integrator, and a summer block. To the best knowledge of the authors, the filter is the first square root domain Tow–Thomas filter in the literature. The state space synthesis method is used to design the biquadratic filter. The filter operated at 2.5 V supply voltage is simulated by using SPICE simulation program with 0.25 μm TSMC CMOS model parameters. Simulation results are in good agreement with theoretical results that the cut-off frequency and quality factor of the filter are tunable electronically.