1. School of Architecture, Computing and Engineering, University of East London , Docklands Campus, 4–6 University Way, London E16 2RD, UK
2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of South Florida , 4202 E. Fowler Avenue, Tampa, FL 33620-5350, USA
3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University , 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan