Soliton solutions for Hirota–Maxwell–Bloch system and its nonlocal form

Abstract

This paper studies the Hirota–Maxwell–Bloch (H–MB) system and its nonlocal form. Based on the Darboux Transformations (DTs), for H–MB system, we present general double breathers, what is more, we take appropriate modulation frequency and position parameters to investigate the generative mechanism of rogue wave sequences and different periodic breather sequences. For nonlocal Hirota–Maxwell–Bloch (NH–MB) system, we discuss symmetry preserving and broken soliton solutions under zero background. Besides, we present nine combinations of dark and antidark soliton solutions under continuous waves background when PT-symmetry is broken.