First-Time Observation on Magnetic Behavior of Pure and Doped Tungsten Oxide WO3 Nanoparticles for Magnetic Applications

Abstract

This interesting study focuses on the contribution of dopant such as “Fe” as a ferromagnetic material in the lattice sites of WO3[Formula: see text]H2O nanopowders, which were synthesized using a cost-effective microwave irradiation procedure and then annealed at [Formula: see text]C in air for 6[Formula: see text]h in order to increase the crystallinity of the end products and also to eliminate impurities obtained during the synthesis process. The main focus is to understand the magnetic behavior of the end products for the first time using novel synthesis approach. The samples were further characterized using powder diffraction of X-rays (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), diffusion reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and the corresponding magnetic behaviors of the products were carried out with the help of vibrational sample magnetometer (VSM). According to the diffraction patterns, both pure and doped samples belong to the hexogonal phase. On the other hand, the annealing effect made an impact on the samples that were formed with the same paranet phase. The samples had an influence on the growth rate and morphology at microlevel of the generated nanoparticles, according to FE-SEM micrographs. The optical band gap of these samples was determined using UV–VIS–DRS spectroscopy and the results revealed the contribution of dopant materials in the optical band gap ([Formula: see text]) values using the KM model, as well as a 450[Formula: see text]nm wavelength revealed blue shift. The exciting results of hysteresis loops from vibrating sample magnetometer on annealed samples showed that doped samples that tend to explore high into the ferromagnetic state may investigate the further nonsuper conducting behavior of the end products prepared using microwave irradiation technique.