Structural, Thermal, Optical, Electrical, and Dielectric Properties of Complex Lead-Free Compound: [Bi1∕2Na1∕2][Fe1∕2W1∕2]O3

Abstract

Some physical properties (structural, dielectric and optical) of a complex lead-free ceramic [[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]][[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]]O3 have been thoroughly examined in different experimental conditions in this study. It was fabricated via a solid-state reaction method. The crystal structure is monoclinic, according to the detailed analysis of the X-ray diffraction pattern. Also, the functional vibrational bands can be observed in the FT-IR and Raman spectra, which support the creation of the molecular structure. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the sample clearly show the effects of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] incorporation in morphology, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) indicates the existence of all constituents. The non-overlapping small polaron tunneling (NSPT) and correlated barrier hopping (CBH) model conduction mechanisms are examined through Jonscher’s power law. The contribution of the grain and grain boundary to the capacitive behavior is shown by Nyquist plots. According to a leakage current analysis, the compound exhibits Ohmic and space charge limited conduction (SCLC) conduction mechanisms. Electric field polarization was used to study the ferroelectric nature. The findings of this study show that the inclusion of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is an efficient technique to improve its dielectric and optical characteristics.