Chicoric Acid Improves Heart and Blood Responses to Hypobaric Hypoxia in Tibetan Yaks

Abstract

Yak is a wild bovine species living on the Qinghai Tibet Plateau that demonstrates good adaptability to the hypoxic environment. Chicoric acid, a natural phenolic compound, is known as having anti-oxidant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. However, its effect on hypoxia adaptability of yak is still unclear. In this study 40 yaks were selected that were of similar age, parity and weight, and divided into the control group and experimental groups 1, 2, 3, randomly. Results showed that chicoric acid significantly improved RBC, HGB, and WBC. There are significantly beneficial effects to increasing total protein contents ([Formula: see text]): all treatments increased HDL-C contents, and supplementations 100[Formula: see text]mg/h significantly decreased the content of TG on the 60th day ([Formula: see text]). Contents of the serum related enzymes like ALP, GOP and GPT showed varying degrees of change, but no significant differences and the indexes of anti-oxidant capacity (T-AOC and GSH-Px) were significantly improved ([Formula: see text]), but MDA was decreased ([Formula: see text]) under the action of the chicoric acid. Hypoxia-inducible factor in serum such as HIF-2[Formula: see text], EPO, ROS, Fe[Formula: see text] and Tf are all significantly decreased ([Formula: see text]). The myocardial mitochondrial parameters mtDNA, UCP2, PGC1-[Formula: see text], NRF1 and mitochondrial complexes were altered remarkably. Some indicators of glucose metabolism presented variation trends. Taken together, chicoric acid has shown a positive effect on the adaptive ability of yak in high altitude, hypoxic environment in plateau areas. Our findings reported a new potential means to enhance immunity and inflammatory response and improve the anti-oxidant capacity.