NUMERICAL STUDIES OF AN AXIAL FLOW BLOOD PUMP WITH DIFFERENT DIFFUSER DESIGNS

Abstract

Most axial flow blood pumps basically consist of a straightener, an impeller, and a diffuser. The diffuser plays a very important role in the performance of the pump to provide an adequate pressure head and to increase the hydraulic efficiency. During the development of an axial flow blood pump, irregular flow field near the diffuser hub is not desirable as it may induce thrombosis. In order to avoid this phenomenon, two approaches were adopted. In the first approach, the number of the diffuser blades was increased from three (B3, baseline model) to five (B5 model). It was observed that the flow field was improved, but the irregular flow patterns were not completely eliminated. In the second approach, we detached the blades from the diffuser hub (B3C2 model), which was integrated and rotated with the impeller hub. It was found that the rotary diffuser hub significantly improved the flow field, especially near the diffuser hub. Besides the detailed flow fields, the hydraulic and hematologic performances at various flow conditions were also estimated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Although each design has its own advantages and disadvantages, the B5 model was superior based on a comparative overview.