Catastrophic Hunger in Gaza: Unprecedented Levels of Hunger Post-October 7th. A Real Population-Based Study from the Gaza Strip

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundThe Gaza Strip, spanning approximately 365 square kilometers, has been a focal point of geopolitical tensions and humanitarian crises. The military escalation on October 7thexacerbated existing vulnerabilities, notably food security and hunger, with an estimated 85,750 deaths due to Israeli attacks, representing about 8% of the 2.34 million population. This research aims to inform policymakers and humanitarian organizations about strategies to mitigate hunger and improve food security in Gaza amidst this damaging war.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from May to July 2024, assessing food insecurity and hunger among Palestinian households across the five governorates of Gaza. The study applied a quantitative research approach; the study involved 1209 households. The study utilized the Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM), Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS), and Household Hunger Scale (HHS) to measure food insecurity and hunger. Self-reported anthropometric data were also collected. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 29, employing correlation tests, chi-square analysis, and logistic regression.ResultsOut of 1503 surveyed households, 1209 were included in the final analysis. The mean age of participants was 38 years, with 53.5% being female. Significant findings included high levels of food insecurity, with 100% of households experiencing some level of food insecurity according to HFSSM and 97.7% being severely food insecure per HFIAS. The results revealed a catastrophic, unprecedented, extremely high prevalence of hunger, reaching more than 95%. The HHS indicated that 88% of households experienced varying degrees of hunger. The war was associated with significant weight loss among individuals, with the average weight dropping from 74.6 kg before the war to 64.1 kg. Factors such as displacement, age, economic status, and educational level significantly impacted hunger severity.ConclusionThe study reveals a severe food insecurity and hunger crisis in the Gaza Strip, exacerbated by the ongoing damaging war by Israeli forces. The findings highlight the urgent need for coordinated efforts to address food security and support the resilience and recovery of affected communities. Policymakers and humanitarian organizations must develop targeted interventions to mitigate hunger and improve the living conditions in Gaza.