A description of the genusDenitromonasnom. rev.:Denitromonas iodatirespiranssp. nov. a novel iodate-reducing bacterium and two novel perchlorate-reducing bacteriaDenitromonas halophilaandDenitromonas ohlonensisisolated from San Francisco Bay intertidal mudflats

Abstract

AbstractThe genusDenitromonasis currently a non-validated taxon that has been identified in several recent publications as members of microbial communities arising from marine environments. Very little is known about the biology ofDenitromonasspp., and no pure cultures are presently found in any culture collections. The current epitaph ofDenitromonaswas given to the organism under the assumption that all members of this genus are denitrifying bacteria. This study performs phenotypic and genomic analyses on three newDenitromonasspp. isolated from tidal mudflats in the San Francisco Bay. We demonstrate thatDenitromonasspp. are indeed all facultative denitrifying bacteria that utilize a variety of carbon sources such as acetate, lactate, and succinate. In addition, individual strains also use the esoteric electron acceptors perchlorate, chlorate, and iodate. Both 16S and Rps/Rpl phylogenetic analyses placeDenitromonasspp. as a deep branching clade in the familyZoogloeaceae, separate from eitherThaueraspp.,Azoarcusspp., orAromatoleumspp. Genome sequencing reveals a G+C content ranging from 63.72% to 66.54%, and genome sizes range between 4.39-5.18 Mb. Genes for salt tolerance and denitrification are distinguishing features that separateDenitromonasspp. from the closely relatedAzoarcusandAromatoleumgenera.