TEM Experiment and Complete Genome Sequencing with Comparative Genomic Analysis to Uncover Potential Probiotic Features of IsolatedLactobacillus delbrueckiisubsp.indicusTY-11

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundProbiotics refer to living microorganisms that exerts a variety of beneficial effects on human health. On the contrary, they also can cause infection, produce toxins within the body, and transfer antibiotic resistant genes to the other microorganisms in the digestive tract necessitating a comprehensive safety assessment. This study aimed to conduct functional genomic analysis to uncover the probiotic potential ofLactobacillus delbrueckiisubsp.indicusTY-11 isolated from native yogurt in Bangladesh. We also performed Transmission Electron Microscopic (TEM) analysis, comparative genomic study as well as phylogenetic tree construction with 332 core genes from 262 genomes. These experiments on subspeciesindicuswere not studied previously.ResultsThe strain TY-11 was identified asLactobacillus delbrueckiisubsp.indicus,whose genome (1916674bp) contained genes to adapt to diverse and stressful environments of the human gut, and no gene was identified for either antibiotic resistance or toxic metabolites. It embraced genes for the degradation of toxic metabolites, treatment of lactose intolerance, toll-like receptor 2-dependent innate immune response, heat and cold shock, bile salts tolerance in the gut, and acidic pH tolerance in the stomach. Genes were annotated for inhibiting pathogenic bacteria in the gut by inhibitory substances, (bacteriocin: Helveticin-J (331bp) and Enterolysin-A (275bp), hydrogen peroxide, and acid); blockage of adhesion sites; and competition for nutrients. Its metabolic pathway helped the human gut to recover the digestive disorders and digest indigestible nutrients. The TY-11 genome possessed additional 37 core genes of subspeciesindicuswhich were deficient in the core genome of the most popular subspeciesbularicus.ConclusionsThis is the first study to explore the molecular insights into intestinal residence and probiotic roles including antimicrobial activities of a representative strain (TY-11) ofLactobacillus delbrueckiisubsp.indicus.