Heteractis magnifica Sea Anemone Population Dynamics at Village Reef, Perhentian Kecil, Malaysia: Monitoring of Growth, Formations, and Hosting Status

Abstract

ABSTRACTThe coastal waters of Malaysia have been known to allow proliferation of sea anemone assemblages, which are resident species of tropical coral reefs. Along the Perhentian Islands of Terengganu, no efforts have been made thus far to investigate the presence and population dynamics of sea anemone assemblages locally. In this study, Heteractis magnifica assemblages at Village Reef at Perhentian Kecil were monitored during May, July, and August of 2020, thus providing a first assessment of their abundance. Sea anemone formation size, individual size, habitat location, and hosting status of anemonefish were assessed. Results demonstrate significantly larger counts of individuals within aggregated formations in the patch reef as compared to the fringe reef, without the presence of larger individual sizes. In addition, Heteractis magnifica specimens that were actively hosting anemonefish had significantly larger cover, larger individual sizes, and demonstrated higher individual counts within their aggregated formations compared to non-hosting specimens. There was no significant overall effect of time on sea anemone growth throughout the monitoring period, nor were there any significant changes in abundance levels regarding formation make-up throughout the monitoring phase. However, time related effects where present upon data inspection per assessment period. The restricted time frame of the monitoring period could play a role in explaining the absence of overall time related effects. A prolonged monitoring will help to further understand Heteractis magnifica population dynamics at this location, which can increase knowledge capacity for reef management and conservation strategies.