The dynamic crosstalk between cytoskeletal filaments regulates the cytoplasmic mechanics across the apicobasal axis

Abstract

AbstractThe cytoplasm exhibits viscoelastic properties, displaying both solid and liquid-like behavior, and can actively regulate its mechanical attributes. The cytoskeleton is a major regulator among the numerous factors influencing cytoplasmic mechanics. We explore the interdependence of various cytoskeletal filaments and the impact of their density on cytoplasmic viscoelasticity. The heterogeneous distribution of these filaments give rise to polarised mechanical properties of the cytoplasm along the apicobasal axis. Actin filament (F-actin) disassembly softens the basal cytoplasm while stiffening the mid-cytoplasm due to increased vimentin filament assembly. Disruption of microtubules (MT) or depletion of vimentin softens both the basal and mid-cytoplasm. Cyto D treatment results in localised increase of vimentin assembly in the mid cytoplasm which is dependent on the cytolinker plectin. Nocodazole treatment has a negligible effect on F-actin distribution but significantly alters vimentin’s spatial arrangement. We demonstrate that Cyto D treatment upregulates vimentin expression via ROS-mediated activation of NF-κΒ. This manuscript investigates how different cytoskeletal filaments influence the rheological characteristics of various cytoplasmic regions.