THE IMPLEMENTATION AND OUTCOME OF DIABETES PREVENTION PROGRAM LIFESTYLE INTERVENTION IN HIGH RISK OR PREDIABETES: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

Abstract

ABSTRACTBackgroundEffective lifestyle intervention can lower Type 2 diabetes mellitus in high-risk or prediabetic people through diabetes mellitus prevention programmes. The aim of this review of the research is to provide an explanation of how diabetes prevention programmes (DPP) are implemented in high-risk people or those with prediabetes using a variety of DPP methods and results.MethodThe method used is a literature review by searching for relevant peer-reviewed articles published in English in three databases: Scopus, PubMed, and CINAHL. Studies assessing the use of diabetes mellitus preventive programmes in high-risk people or people with prediabetes were the inclusion criteria for this review. Individuals with prediabetes or high risk were among the subjects. The main result is the outcome of the DPP. Literature search is limited to publications in 2018–2023 and open access.Result18 articles in all were reviewed.The main focus of DPP-based lifestyle interventions is dietary and physical activity. Health education and behaviour change strategies are also included in lifestyle interventions. The implementation of nutrition or dietary interventions can be provided face-to-face on a group-based basis for an average of 6–12 months and online through intensive interventions with weekly online modules through web-based platforms, text messaging, and digital therapy. The implementation of diet and physical activity interventions needs support from families or groups to be able to make healthy behaviour changes, one of which is peer support. The short-term effects of DPP are decreased waist circumference, plasma glucose levels, increased knowledge, diet, and physical activity. The long-term consequences of DPP include weight loss with a lowered risk of developing diabetes, modifications to lipid profiles, enhanced pancreatic cell function, increased insulin sensitivity, decreased body fat mass, and HbA1C.ConclusionDiabetes mellitus prevention programme through effective lifestyle interventions to slow the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus in prediabetic individuals