Independent Tryptophan pathway in Trichoderma asperellum and T koningiopsis: New insights with bioinformatic and molecular analysis

Abstract

ABSTRACTThe synthesis of Indole Acetic Acid from tryptophan has been described in plants, fungi and bacteria; it is thus known as tryptophan-dependent indole acetic acid. Four possible pathways of IAA formation have been described, including the indole acetonitrile acid (IAN), indole acetamide (IAM), indole-pyruvic (IAP) and tryptamine (TRM) pathways. Of these, the indole acetonitrile pathway is particularly important because when this compound is transformed into IAA, a nitrogenated molecule is released. The microorganisms that have this pathway are thus called nitrogen fixers. There is another little-studied pathway called TRP-Independent, so-called because the IAA that is formed in it can have an exogenous origin, chorismic acid (CHA), and it enters the pathway through anthranilic acid (ANA). The TRP-Independent pathway is made up of three stages. The first from CHA to ANA, the second from AA to IAA and the third from TRP to ANA through Kynurenine (KYN). This work describes the different stages of the pathway, as well as the enzymes and the genes that control the production of IAA, using a bioinformatic analysis of the genes involved, which were identified by PCR. An expression analysis showed that only T asperellum has the necessary genes to incorporate ANA into the TRP-I pathway and synthesize IAA through it. The analysis also detected the gene that regulates anthranilate phosphoribosyl transferase (AFT), an enzyme necessary for the synthesis of AIA from ANA; the presence of this gene was confirmed in the two species analyzed.