Vhl deletion inDmp1-expressing cells alters MEP metabolism and promotes stress erythropoiesis

Abstract

ABSTRACTIn recent years, general hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) enzyme inhibitors have been developed for the treatment of anemia due to renal disease and osteoporosis. However, it remains a challenge to target the HIF signaling pathway without dysregulating the skeletal and hematopoietic system. Here, we examined the effects ofVhldeletion in bone by performing longitudinal analyses ofVhlcKO mice at 3, 6, 10, and 24 weeks of age, where at 10 and 24 weeks of age, high bone mass and splenomegaly are present. Using flow cytometry, we observed increased frequency (%) of CD71loTER119hiFSCloorthochromatophilic erythroblasts and reticulocytes in 10- and 24-week-oldVhlcKO bone marrow (BM), which correlated with elevated erythropoietin levels in the BM and increased number of red blood cells in circulation. The absolute numbers of myeloerythroid progenitors (MEPs) in the BM were significantly reduced at 24 weeks. Bulk RNA-Seq of the MEPs showed upregulation ofEpas1(Hif1a)andEfnb2(Hif2a)inVhlcKO MEPs, consistent with a response to hypoxia, and genes involved in erythrocyte development, actin filament organization, and response to glucose. Additionally, histological analysis ofVhlcKO spleens revealed red pulp hyperplasia and the presence of megakaryocytes, both of which are features of extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH). EMH in the spleen was correlated with the presence of mature stress erythroid progenitors, suggesting that stress erythropoiesis is occurring to compensate for the BM microenvironmental irregularities. Our studies implicate that HIF-driven alterations in skeletal homeostasis can accelerate erythropoiesis.Key Points• Dysregulation of HIF signaling in Dmp1+ bone cells induces stress erythropoiesis.• Skeletal homeostasis modulates erythropoiesis.