Author:
Gigante Crystal M.,Korber Bette,Seabolt Matthew H.,Wilkins Kimberly,Davidson Whitni,Rao Agam K.,Zhao Hui,Hughes Christine M.,Minhaj Faisal,Waltenburg Michelle A.,Theiler James,Smole Sandra,Gallagher Glen R.,Blythe David,Myers Robert,Schulte Joann,Stringer Joey,Lee Philip,Mendoza Rafael M.,Griffin-Thomas LaToya A.,Crain Jenny,Murray Jade,Atkinson Annette,Gonzalez Anthony H.,Nash June,Batra Dhwani,Damon Inger,McQuiston Jennifer,Hutson Christina L.,McCollum Andrea M.,Li Yu
Abstract
AbstractMonkeypox is a viral zoonotic disease endemic in Central and West Africa. In May 2022, dozens of non-endemic countries reported hundreds of monkeypox cases, most with no epidemiological link to Africa. We identified two lineages of Monkeypox virus (MPXV) among nine 2021 and 2022 U.S. monkeypox cases. A 2021 case was highly similar to the 2022 MPXV outbreak variant, suggesting a common ancestor. Analysis of mutations among these two lineages revealed an extreme preference for GA-to-AA mutations indicative of APOBEC3 cytosine deaminase activity that was shared among West African MPXV since 2017 but absent from Congo Basin lineages. Poxviruses are not thought to be subject to APOBEC3 editing; however, these findings suggest APOBEC3 activity has been recurrent and dominant in recent West African MPXV evolution.
Publisher
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
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