Characteristics and clinical features of SARS-CoV-2 infections among ambulatory and hospitalized children and adolescents in an integrated health care system in Tennessee

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known regarding the full spectrum of illness among children with SARS-CoV-2 infection across ambulatory and inpatient settings.MethodsActive surveillance was performed for SARS-CoV-2 by polymerase chain reaction among asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals in a quaternary care academic hospital laboratory in Tennessee from March 12-July 17, 2020. For symptomatic patients ≤18 years of age, we performed phone follow-up and medical record review to obtain sociodemographic and clinical data on days 2, 7, and 30 after diagnosis and on day 30 for asymptomatic patients ≤18 years. Daily and 7-day average test positivity frequencies were calculated for children and adults beginning April 26, 2020.ResultsSARS-CoV-2 was detected in 531/10327 (5.1%) specimens from patients ≤18 years, including 46/5752 (0.8%) asymptomatic and 485/4575 (10.6%) specimens from 459 unique symptomatic children. Cough (51%), fever (42%), and headache (41%) were the most common symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. SARS-CoV-2-related hospitalization was uncommon (18/459 children; 4%); no children with SARS-CoV-2 infection during the study period required intensive care unit admission. Symptom resolution occurred by follow-up day 2 in 192/459 (42%), by day 7 in 332/459 (72%), and by day 30 in 373/396 (94%). The number of cases and percent positivity rose in late June and July in all ages.ConclusionsIn an integrated healthcare network, most pediatric SARS-CoV-2 infections were mild, brief, and rarely required hospital admission, despite increasing cases as community response measures were relaxed.Key pointsIn an integrated healthcare network in the Southeastern United States, symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection in children was generally mild, resolved rapidly, and rarely required hospitalization. Cases increased in children and adults as community mitigation measures became less restrictive.