Abstract
ABSTRACTBackgroundIt is unknown whether the impact of high diet-quality and physical activity (PA) depends on the level of polygenic risk score (PRS) in different ancestries.ObjectiveDetermine the associations and interactions between high-risk PRSs, dietary patterns, and high PA with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in European Americans (EAs) and African Americans (AAs). Another aim determined the molecular pathways of PRS-mapped genes and their relationships with dietary intake.MethodsCross-sectional analyses utilized de-identified data from 1987-2010 from 7-National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Candidate Gene Association Resource studies from the Database of Genotypes and Phenotypes studies for EAs (n=6,575) and AAs (n=1,606).ResultsThe high-risk PRS increased ASCVD risk by 59% (Risk Ratio=1.59;95% Confidence Interval:1.16-2.17) in the highest tertile for AAs and by 15% (RR=1.15;1.13-1.30) and 18% (RR=1.18;1.04-1.35) in the second and highest tertiles compared to the lowest tertile in EAs. Within the highest PRS tertiles, high PA-diet combinations (Dietary Approaches to Stop High Blood Pressure (DASH), or Mediterranean, or Southern) reduced ASCVD risks by 9% (RR=0.91;0.85-0.96) to 15% (RR=0.85;0.80-0.90) in EAs; and by 13% (RR=0.87;0.78-0.97) and 18% (RR=0.82;0.72-0.95) for the DASH and Mediterranean diets, respectively in AAs. Top molecular pathways included fructose metabolism and catabolism linked to obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes in both ancestries. Additional molecular pathways for AAs were Vitamin D linked to depression and aging acceleration; and death signaling associated with cancer.ConclusionsEffects of high diet-quality and high PA can counterbalance the influences of genetically high-risk PRSs on ASCVD risk, especially in AAs.
Publisher
Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Reference49 articles.
1. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2022 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association
2. Metabolic syndrome update
3. The Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Risk
4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National diabetes statistics report estimates of diabetes and its burden in the United States. https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/data/statistics-report/index.html. Accessed 9/16, 2022.
5. Tutorial: a guide to performing polygenic risk score analyses